Sample of Induction Oath for Workers or Volunteers in Filipino Language (Tagalog: Sampol ng Panunumpa sa Katungkulan sa Induksiyon)

Ako is               Pangalan             ng                      Tirahan                  ,
na hinirang sa katungkulan bilang              Posisyon/Trabaho           
ng                   Pangalan ng organisasyon o asosasyon                       ,
ay taimtim na nanunumpa na tutuparin ko
ng buong husay at katapatan,
sa abot ng aking kakayahan
ang lahat ng aking tungkulin
at gagampanan ko sa ilalaim ng Republika ng Pilipinas
at aking itataguyod at ipagtatanggol
ang batas at regulasyon ng asosasyon na ito
ng walang anumang pasubali o hangaring umiwas,
kasihan nawa ako ng Diyos.

Lyrics of Pilipinas Kong Mahal by Francisco Santiago

Ang bayan ko'y tanging ikaw
Pilipinas kong mahal
Ang puso ko at buhay man
Sa iyo'y ibibigay

Tungkulin ko'y gagampanan
Na lagi kang paglingkuran
Ang laya mo'y babantayan
Pilipinas kong hirang


The Peace And Order In The Philippine History

Peace and order are mentioned and implied in the Bible so many times. Psalm 4:8 says, “In peace I will both lie down and sleep; for you alone, O Lord, make me dwell in safety.” This means that peace and order within an individual and a group of people are being given by God and anything that destroys them is of the devil. During the time of Adam and Eve, there were harmony, peace and order among the living things in the Garden of Eden until the devil tempted Eve and Adam to disobey God’s order. This had caused the disharmony, disunity and disorder among the living things in the world today. When Adam and Eve were casted out from the Garden of Eden, which has already been locked and strictly guarded by Angels, they lived outside the garden and faced hardships with the peace and order constantly threatened.

Years passed by and the people have multiplied and were scattered on the face of the earth; they made different groups among themselves and each established set of rules that people could follow based from the people’s aspirations, ideals and goals. Records show that people within a group or society throughout the history have incorporated in their laws the pursuit of peace and order because these two comprise the radical human ideals needed for the stability and mobility of a society. It can be inferred thus that these two are very important goals of a society that must always be pursued to attain the standard status for the optimum benefits. But while this status remained vague without definite formula for attainment, keepers of peace and order just constantly enforcing these two by trying to control or curb criminalities and other destructive factors through reactive and proactive measures and actions that were devised for such ends.

During the Philippine pre-colonial era, the people living in the various settlements in the Philippine islands were culturally linked with other Asian civilizations that form kingdoms, dynasties and empires. These civilizations were indicative of widespread established systems of justice and protection of lives and properties as well as sense of collective security. These concepts are being inherent in a family with parents as rulers and children as followers. The family is a microcosm of a broader civil organization called community, society or nation. The Philippine pre-colonial independent barangays, villages, tribes and confederations were naturally and socially endowed with these characteristics with datus or rajas as rulers. Each barangay have one datu that functions as keeper of peace and order, creator and implementer of laws, chief judge during trials, etc. The Laguna Copperplate Inscription; as an oldest historical record of the Philippines dated 900 AD evidenced that the pursuit of justice, peace and order was already extant in the Philippines as early as 900 AD. The basis for judging though was very subjective through the practice of trial by ordeal, which was due to the lack of objective approach.

When Spain colonized the Philippines from 1565 to 1898, they have established a centralized colonial government which was composed of national and local government under King Philip II of Spain through the viceroy of Mexico and later on through the Governor General in 1821. The national government maintained peace and order, collected taxes, built schools and other public works. The national government under the Governor General had so much power that could directly influence the officials in the local government units from provinces to the barangay level. A province, headed by Alcalde Mayor, was divided into pueblos or towns. Each town was headed by Gobernadorcillo who was aided by four lieutenants.  A municipality that was not yet entirely under Spain was governed by the Corregidor while the city was governed by the council called Cabildo which was composed of the Mayor, Councilors, Police Chief and the Secretary. The pueblo or city was subdivided into barrios and each barrio was headed by the Cabeza De Barangay or Barangay Captain who was responsible for the peace and order of the barrio and the recruitment of men for public works. The approach in maintaining peace and order have changed a lot during the Spanish era. Instead of being vested on the ruler alone, peace and order maintenance was put in the hands of the national and local government units particularly in the hands of the Governor General, the Nightmen that patrolled the streets of manila under the Alguacil Mayor in the 16th century, the Carabineros de Seguridad Publica that worked on the outlaws of Spanish government in 1712, the Cuadrillo that enforced peace and order in the countryside in 1836, the Civil Guard that was formed under a Royal Decree took over the peacekeeping duties both in the national and local levels in 1852, and the Barangay Captain that acted as the trusted local person that could settle local conflicts and punish lawless elements in the barrio. The maintenance of the peace and order during those times were, according to history, were abused and misused by the authorities for the benefits of the colonizers. This and the oppressions of Filipinos added to the factors that ignited the resistance of the Filipinos against the Spanish colonial government. On May 1, 1898 the Battle of Manila Bay (Spanish-American war in the Philippines) began which took place in Manila Bay. It was a fiery 1-day naval battle that decimated the Spanish fleet in the pacific. It was the first battle of the Spanish-American war campaign which gave the Americans their first victory against Spain and the Philippines freedom from the Spaniards.

Just after the Spanish-American war (1898), the Philippine-American (1899-1902) war or the Philippine Insurrection ensued in order to gain Philippine independence from America after the Treaty of Paris turned over the Philippines to America from Spain. The peace and order in the country remained in chaos because of this war. The Philippines was controlled by the American military government until 1901 when the Spooner Amendment was passed and approved placing William H. Taft as the first civilian governor. The civil government or Insular Government established the Insular Force in order to maintain peace and order which then beefed up and became the Philippine Constabulary (PC) through the Organic Act No. 175 as enacted by the Second Philippine Commission on July 18, 1901. The first constabulary was led by the American officers and former Spanish Civil Guards who primarily functioned as police law enforcers and public safety officers. But under some circumstances it functioned as a military organization to combat the rampant lawlessness and violence perpetrated by tulisanes or bandits in the countryside. When the last Filipino general was captured on April 13, 1902, the Philippine-American war has ended. Some members of the resistance group that were not captured have turned into bandits,  quasi-religious armed groups and other resistance groups that continued to roam in the countryside. On July 4, 1902, U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt proclaimed a full and complete pardon and amnesty to all the people in the Philippines who participated in the Philippine Insurrection. In 1902, a provision under the Philippine Bill 1902 (Cooper Act) required the complete restoration of peace and order before the inauguration of the Philippine Assembly as proposed by the Act, which was only happened on August 16, 1907 with the help of the peacekeeping function of the constables. Aside from keepers of peace and order, these constables were said to have also performed the duties of teachers, foresters, midwives, doctors and sanitary inspectors.

In 1935, the 10-year transition Commonwealth government was formed with Manuel L. Quezon as the president in order to prepare the Filipinos for self-governance. The 1935 Constitution was created where the peace and order of the public would be enforced by the national police as stated in Article XIV section 9. But on the December of 1941, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor that marked the World War II in the Far East. The constabulary as keepers of peace and order and the Commonwealth army prepared for war to defend the land under the state of emergency declaration of U.S. President Roosevelt. The Japanese relentless attacks on the Philippine airfields, naval bases and camps have crippled the Commonwealth government forces and U.S. military in the Philippines. Quezon and OsmeƱa (Vice President), escorted by troops, left the Philippines for Australia and then to U.S. There they set up a government in exile. Gen. Douglas Mc. Arthur, the commander of the USAFFE, also fled to Australia but promised to return to regain the Philippines from the Japanese. After capturing the Philippines, the Japanese established a puppet government under the presidency of Jose P. Laurel. Peace and order in the country were in shambles as countless skirmishes between Japanese troops and guerilla forces that remained loyal to the United States have happened everywhere in the mountains and plains, towns and villages. After about three years of Japanese occupation, Gen. Douglas McArthur returned to the Philippines with more men and stronger force that defeated the Japanese troops. The battle was not easy, the fighting were fierce and disastrous for both sides as the Japanese Imperial General Staff decided the Philippines as the final line of defense. The bloody fighting continued until September 2, 1945 when Japan finally surrendered formally.

During the aftermath of the WWII, peace and order must be the sweetest words that could be heard by the people in the war-torn areas like the Philippines. Peace and order condition of the Philippines must be restored to enable immediate recovery of other aspects of the state, but the constables and the armies have depleted in numbers with only few remaining personnel to work on the maintenance of peace and order throughout the land, and the dearth need to beef up the latter again have led to the many informal enlistees in order to meet the demand for parrying problems that emerged after the war. On April 23, 1946, Manuel A. Roxas took office as the first president of the new republic, the time when the Americans have left the government for the Filipinos which was also the time when the left-wing started to take a perch on the Philippine soil. Under the Roxas administration, the keepers of peace and order were threatened by the emerging left-wing colored Hukbalahap group (Huks), which was intensified by the alleged graft and corruptions of the government and abuses of the Provincial Military Police.  Consequently, President Manuel A. Roxas issued E.O. No. 94 effecting the abolishment of the Military Police Command which was then absorbed by the newly reorganized Philippine Constabulary.

When President Elpidio Quirino succeeded Manuel A. Roxas, President Quirino granted general amnesty for the Huks but was not successful in trying to integrate the rebels into the society. After Elpidio Quirino, President Ramon Magsaysay took office and used the Philippine Constabulary in addition to the thorough eradication of corruption in the government as well as building public works and giving the lands that benefitted the Huks and other Filipinos, these have caused the disbandment of the Huks. Under the governance of the Filipinos, the Philippines has able to maintain its economic stability even though there were some smears of corruption after the zero-corruption of the Magsaysay government. The Philippines has consistently maintained a considerably controllable condition of peace and order in the countryside and major towns, and the general growth as a country. During the term of President Ferdinand E. Marcos, a left-wing political party was founded from a small discussion group organized by a student of the University of the Philippines in the middle 60’s. In the latter part of the 60’s there were upsurge of mass demonstrations and violence which led to the creation of the PC Metropolitant Command under Executive Order 76 on July 14, 1967 to complement local police action in repressing the unrest. The said command became the PC’s striking force conducting 24/7 patrol in the entire Metro Manila. On September 21, 1972, President Marcos declared Martial Law. President Marcos used the Constabulary and the major military services to answer insurgency threat while trying to reorganize government machinery to effect his desired changes in the social, economic and political structures. The approach in the maintenance of peace and order has become dependent on the criminalities, disorders, agitations and desires of the state. On March 21, 1974, President Marcos approved the Presidential Decree 421 unifying all the police, fire and jail officers in Metro Manila to form Metropolitant Police Force (MPF) under the PC Metrocom. The MPF followed the constitutional mandate for an integrated national police force, and finally on August 8, 1975, Marcos issued Presidential Decree No. 765 creating the Integrated National Police under the Philippine Constabulary and the police officers as components.

After the People’s Revolution in 1986 that dethroned the Martial Rule. The 1986 Philippine Constitution was formed. It has provision for the creation of Philippine National Police (PNP) and in 1991, the Republic Act 6975 (Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of 1990) was passed to create the Philippine National Police. On January 21, 1991, the PC and the INP were officially abolished and replaced by the PNP. Amendments were done in the R.A. 6975 through the enactment of R.A. 8551 (PNP Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998) to make the PNP more responsive, effective and relevant police force that is community and service-oriented and fully accountable in the performance of its action. The peace and order maintenance was supplemented in the barangay level through the creation of barangay tanods in pursuant to the R.A. 1760 or Local Government Code of 1991. The existence of barangay tanods or barangay watchmen would give the barangay the initiative to administer police functions that cannot be immediately discharged by the police provided the sole purpose thereof would be to maintain the peace and order by deterring criminalities and other atrocities through reactive and proactive measures.

Peace and order reside in the human ideals, and are fundamental elements in the building blocks of a typical social organization. But the wicked one was also dispelled from the Garden of Eden and affected the world throughout the generations by assuming the drags in the pursuit of human goals and standard social condition. Nevertheless, there were remedies and answers made available by God, just like what was cited in the first paragraph, that humans can adopt to treat these human and social disorders or problems. One of these would be the continuous keeping of peace and order in the society. While this article shows the history of how peace and order have suffered and how they were pursued by the people to restore them, the maintenance of peace and order today have extended its machinery in the grassroots which have induced the creation of the barangay watchmen to aid the police in enforcing peace and order in the barangay level following the facts that the barangay serves as the bigger home of an individual next to his/her residential house that must also be safeguarded and the barangay as the primary planning and implementing unit of government policies, plans, programs, projects and activities.

Baguio Flower Festival 2014 (Panagbenga 2014: Inspiring the Community for a Greener Tomorrow) Schedule of Activities

"Panagbenga" is a kankanaey term for "the season of flowering or blossoming". It also refers to a flower festival in Baguio City which is called the "Baguio Flower Festival". It mainly showcases the different flowers found in the Cordilleras. It also aim to promote the region's products, the different establishments in the area, etc.

This festival is a month-long annual feast of Baguio City that usually performs its highlighted activities all on the month of February and the first week of March.

The Panagbenga 2014 is its 19th staging and as from the past festivals, it was always been a crowd drawer of both local and foreign tourists to the City of Baguio, which always boost the income of the city.

The theme of this year's  Panagbenga is "Inspiring the Community for a Greener Tomorrow" which seeks the help from the barangay level in maintaining cleanliness and green environment.

Official logo of Panagbenga 2014:


Calendar of traditional events of the festival:


Calendar of traditional events and community-led events of this year's Panagbenga:



Pocket Wifi in the Philippines

Pocket Wifi is becoming a need in the Philippines due to the influx of tablets and game consoles without SIM, dongle and ethernet slots. These tablets and game consoles are mostly wifi-ready. Without wifi signal, there's no way these gadgets can connect to the internet. In the Philippines, free wifi are mostly found in large malls, public buildings and institutions; but most government wifi's allow visits on some important or relevant sites only. Wifi spots also include bars, refreshment stations, restaurants, hotels, inns, etc. but they usually have passwords/keys that customers or clients may ask from the employees. Pocket Wifi have maximized and optimized the usage of the said gadgets by enabling the latter to connect to the world via internet in any location as long as the wifi's network provider has a signal.

Pocket Wifi with up to 7.2 Mbps can connect to internet up to 5 wifi devices such as cellphones, tablets, smartphones, game consoles and other computer gadgets. Pocket Wifi devices could reach a wireless range of up to 15 metres (hotspot) regardless of who created them. It only suggests that users of Pocket Wifi can get a bit closer to each other while using it, thus It can be used purposely as a wifi for a family or small office with up to 5 wifi users.

Huawei pocket wifi in the Philippines

Anyone who would like to avail Pocket Wifi must see to it that the network provider of the device has a strong signal of 2g or 3g in his/her area or location for the optimized and maximized usage of the Pocket Wifi potential.

Pocket Wifi, however, must be used or handled with care and safety measures. Users must read carefully the product's safety and maintenance info that is included in the package. those who have availed a second hand item without the safety and maintenance information should know that Pocket Wifi devices were designed to be used at a 1.5 cm away from the human body to prevent tissue from RF (Radio Frequency) radiation exposure. It is called pocket wifi, but while using it, it is not advisable to put it in your pocket if it's distance would be less than 1.5 cm from the skin. It should not also be used in areas where it is prohibited as it may cause accident or interfere with sensitive equipments. It may increase the risk of fire or explosion in areas with highly flammable or explosive materials; may be damaged, explode, cause fire or electric shock when exposed to heat, sunlight, moist, water or extreme cold. The antenna should not also be blocked for quality signal transmission and reception, should not be overheated and use only the compatible devices when charging or using to prevent accident. Always keep it away from children and magnetic stripe cards such as credit and debit cards to avoid damaging of the magnetic stripes. And do not clean it with liquid, clean it only with dry and clean materials.

How to activate internet connection of unconfigured cell phone in the Philippines

Philippines uses different SIM cards that are being provided by Globe, Smart and Sun to connect cell phones to their services. Their internet services and GPRS can be automatically configured and available in many cell phones using their SIM cards, however, many different kinds of cell phones (they usually use unknown OS) that have invaded the market can not be recognized by these cell phone networks, thus they can't be automatically configured to access internet and GPRS. They must be configured manually in order to access the said services. 
Below are the suggested steps to enable internet/GPRS connection using these cell phones:

1. Go to the 'Settings' of your cell phone and click 'Connections'.

2. Check 'GPRS' to enable it, and in the network connection account setting, enter the following data (if the network account list is full, you may edit one of them and activate it):

(Note: the APN remains the most important data to be present and entered correctly in the configuration)

for Globe/Touch Mobile,

* Internet Settings -

- Connection name: myGlobeInet
- APN: http.globe.com.ph
- IP: 203.177.91.131 or none
- Port: 80

* GPRS Settings -

- Connection name: myGlobeConnect
- APN: www.globe.com.ph
- IP: 203.177.042.214 or none
- Port: 8080

----------------------------- ------------------------

for Smart/Talk 'n Text,

* Internet Settings -
- Connection name: SmartInternet
- APN: Internet
- IP: 10.102.61.46 or none
- Port: 8080

* GPRS Settings -
- Connection name: SmartGPRS
- APN: Smart1
- IP: 10.102.61.46 or none
- Port: 8080

----------------------------- -----------------------

for Sun (Sun Cellular),

* Internet Settings -
- Connection Name: Sun Internet
- APN: minternet
- IP: none
- Port: 0

* GPRS Settings -
- Connection Name: Sun GPRS
- APN: wap
- IP: 202.138.159.78
- Port: 80

----------------------------- -----------------------

for red mobile,

* Internet Settings -
- Connection Name: Redinternet
- APN: redinternet
- IP: none
- Port: 0

Night sky smolder


Sometime in June 2012, I was on my way for a night shift duty. It was past 6:00 pm, and the surroundings were already dark, there were noticeable small number of stars in the sky, but as I approached my post, I’ve seen an unusual large red-orange light in the northern sky. It was unusual but I still thought it was just a plane; as I looked at it again, it was not moving nor blinking, so when I’ve met my buddy near our post I’ve showed him the unusual light in the sky, we stared at it for few more seconds before it disappeared as if covered by a hazy cloud. When it disappeared, my buddy mumbled few words and left for home.



The light was as large as the planet Venus, but Venus during that time was positioned at the western sky near the crescent moon. Jupiter was even smaller being seen up the moon. The red-orange light was not as bright as the other stars but it was round and flickering like a flame and one may get the feeling that it was just like a bonfire in the sky. The flickering of the said light has given me a feeling that there was/were some people or anything moving near the said sky bonfire.

R.A. 11202 - An Act Requiring Mobile Service Providers To Provide Nationwide Mobile Number Portability To Subscribers

The Senate approved this Act on the third reading on November 13, 2018 and was signed into law by President Rodrigo Roa Duterte on February ...